Thursday, May 17, 2012

Three Undeniable Laws of Weightlifting

I have a few interesting weightlifting-science posts running around my head that I want to get to, but in order to go through with them I need to throw some hardcore science out there least they make little sense.

In weight-training, I like to use a mathematical term called the "inflection point" to describe when the force on one muscle group transfers to a different, typically antagonistic muscle group (this is because the classical definition of an inflection point is that it describes when the slope change in a graphed curve goes from positive to negative or vice-versa).

The way the human form works with respect to musculo-skeletal (DEFINITELY just made that word up) work is that the absolute maximum range of motion for a particular joint cannot exceed 180 degrees of arc.  In practice, this arc varies from muscle group to muscle group and averages-out to be something closer to 150 degrees or less.  Furthermore, in many cases, this arc-range should be limited for safety reasons--for example, it is both impractical and sometimes dangerous for your knees if you perform a squat  from 0 degrees (legs at lockout) down past 100 degrees (10 degrees past parallel).

When choosing exercises, it is typically prudent to choose motions that maximize the amount of strain on a particular muscle group--and given that each repetition can only travel over a certain arc, it is important to optimize the both of these (in most cases) in parallel.

Now the way that force is generated is through gravity, whose direction is always down (even in the case of a stack-and-pin cable which uses pulleys to change the imminent direction of pull).  Muscular strain works against gravity in order for force to be generated--and this force is affected by weight (mass) and acceleration, (which is a vector quantity--that is, it is a value that is directionally dependent) F=mA.  Given both this AND the factoid that each repetition can ONLY be performed over an arc of 150 degrees, it is obvious that the bulk of your range of motion should be performed such that the force on the muscle is maximized with respect to gravity.

Furthermore, I would like to point out that muscular contraction and force is minimized around the aforementioned inflection points just because force is being transferred rather than focused. There is NEVER a reason to do an exercise that works both the bicep and the tricep at the same time--you're just poorly optimizing the 150 degrees you have available to you.

So, here are my THREE UNDENIABLE LAWS OF WEIGHTLIFTING:

1) Thou shalt never take a set off. (Strength Optimization)
2) Thou shalt perform all repetitions optimized with respect to both force and arc-range. (Range-Of-Motion Optimization)
3) Thou shalt avoid inflection points at all times. (Form Optimization)

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